大理近地层山谷盆地湖陆风及湍流特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

杨智  刘劲松  孙绩华 《气象与环境学报》2008,24(5):32-37

研究湖陆风特征不仅能够为提高天气气候的预测能力奠定基础,而且对风能资源的开发利用等具有重要的实用意义。利用大理国家气候观象台近地面通量观测系统的2007年3月－2008年5月资料,采用涡动相关法等分析了大理近地层中湖陆风、峡谷风特征及形成原因和影响因素。结果表明：大理地区白天以东风和东南风为主,夜间以西风和西南风为主。进一步对湍流和湍流通量特征分析发现,大理地区白天不稳定层结多于夜间;湍流强度白天强于夜间,并且随着风速的增大而减小;湍流通量具有明显的日变化特征,热量交换形式以潜热为主。  相似文献   

东南极大陆边缘地区夏季近地面层风场特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

薛峰  张占海  周明煜  李诗明  李丙瑞  孙波 《极地研究》2009,21(4):288-298

本文介绍了“2007-2008国际极地年”期间在南极东部大陆边缘伊丽莎白公主地区进行的风场结构观测实验。自动气象站(Automatic Weather Station,AWS)观测数据的统计分析结果表明,夏季该地区冰盖上的近表面风场主要是由下降风控制,而沿海地区的风场则由于海陆热力学性质的差异呈现出冰盖下降风与局地海陆风交互作用的特点。个例研究表明在冰盖下降风占优时段内,伊丽莎白公主地区的近表面风场具有相当规律的日变化特征,太阳人射辐射规律的日变化是这一现象出现的根本原因。多普勒声雷达对风场垂直结构的观测表明,150 m以下的各高度水平风矢量的变化特征与近地面层风场近似一致,冰盖下降风和海陆风旺盛阶段,偏东风和偏西风的高度可达650 m之高。  相似文献   

The Kwinana Coastal Fumigation Study: III – Meteorological and Turbulence Modelling on Selected Days     

Peter J. Hurley  Ashok K. Luhar 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2000,94(1):115-138

The Kwinana Coastal Fumigation Study took place inearly 1995 at Kwinana near Perth in Western Australia.The study involved surface and elevated meteorologicaland plume fumigation measurements in sea-breeze flowsnear the coast, and has yielded a comprehensive dataset that is suitable for assessing meteorological andplume dispersion models. In this paper, wesimulate the meteorology and turbulence on four casestudy days, and compare model results with thedetailed surface and aircraft measurements takenduring the study. These days had surface synopticwinds ranging from southerly to northeasterly, witheither stable or near-neutral temperature profilesover the sea.The model used was based on that developed by Hurley(Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 83, 43–73, 1997), but extended here to allow domain nesting,optional non-hydrostatic simulations, and a vegetativecanopy at the surface. The model was forced bystandard weather service synoptic data, and thesimulations have captured the essential features ofthe strong sea-breeze circulation observed on thesedays. The boundary-layer structure over the sea waspredicted to be near-neutral or stable in agreementwith the observations on the particular day. The windspeed and direction in the sea-breeze flow weregenerally predicted well, although the predictedmaximum inflow speed over the land was a little toohigh. The potential temperature was generallyover-predicted, but temperature gradients agreed well.Predicted turbulence levels in the bottom-half of thethermal internal boundary layer compared well to theobservations, but under-estimated the observations inthe in the upper half of this layer. Near-surfacemeasurements of meteorological variables werepredicted well over the entire diurnal cycle, althoughthe predicted sea-breeze onset was generally tooearly. A quantitative model evaluation for thenear-surface sites showed the model performance to bebetter than that from other studies, with Index ofAgreement (IOA) values of 0.8 (wind speed) and 0.96(temperature), compared with values of 0.5–0.6 (windspeed) and 0.33 (temperature) obtained from otherstudies.The availability of new higher resolution synopticanalyses should obviate the lack of spatial andtemporal resolution in synoptic inputs. Theincorporation of these higher resolution synopticinputs and new parameterisation schemes should improvefuture model performance.  相似文献   

北京稳定天气条件下城市边界层环流特征数值研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

仲跻芹张朝林  范水勇 《气象科技》2005,33(6):481-486

采用科罗拉多大学和MRC／ASTER共同开发的区域大气模拟系统（RAMS）对北京地区稳定天气条件下的个例进行数值模拟,通过对数值模拟结果与观测事实的比较以及敏感性试验,分析了北京城市边界层环流特征和环流影响因子在环流发展过程中的作用。结果表明：①在山谷风环流和热岛环流相互作用下形成了北京城市边界层流场特有的局地环流。②热岛中心在决定边界层环流的辐合区位置上起相对较大的作用,边界层环流的强度和发展高度由山谷风强度和热岛强度共同决定。  相似文献   

天津城市热岛效应对海风(锋)环流影响的数值模拟试验   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

东高红  李英华  刘一玮  易笑园 《气象》2018,44(6):825-836

利用中尺度数值天气模式TJ-WRF,通过对发生在天津城区的局地雷暴天气个例进行模拟,重点通过改变模式中下垫面土地利用类型进行敏感性模拟试验,研究天津城市热岛对海风(锋)环流强度及移动速度等的影响。结果表明:不同土地利用类型城市下垫面造成的城市热岛效应不同,当城市周边郊区下垫面土地类型改为城市建筑用地时,城市热岛效应更加明显且影响范围明显扩大;当城市下垫面改为旱作农地和牧场时,天津城区附近没有出现城市热岛效应。当海风(锋)环流向城区方向移动还未到城区附近时,城市热岛对其有明显加强和加速作用,城市热岛效应越明显其对海风(锋)环流的加强和加速作用越明显,海风(锋)环流移动加快的速度比没有城市热岛时快9.3km·h~(-1)。当海风(锋)环流移动到城区附近时与城市热岛环流相遇,海风(锋)环流受到城市热岛环流阻挡其移速又迅速减慢,其后侧气流南、北分支绕流和向上爬升现象变得明显,两环流相遇叠加后辐合上升运动也明显加强;城市热岛效应越明显其对海风(锋)环流的阻挡作用越明显,海风(锋)环流的移动速度减慢得越多,两环流相遇叠加后的辐合上升运动就越强。另外在向城区移动过程中,海风(锋)环流会使其经过地区低层空气增湿降温,但其后侧湿空气层厚度会因城市热岛效应的存在而明显减小;城市热岛效应越明显,海风(锋)环流后侧湿空气层厚度减小得越明显。  相似文献   

湖陆风对滨湖夏季气温和岳阳市城市热岛强度的影响     

黄菊梅  覃鸿  陈世文  袁泉  王威 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2023,17(6)

利用逐日逐时气象资料对岳阳市主城区近年夏季城市热岛强度进行了评估,探讨了东洞庭湖湖陆风对滨湖夏季气温以及城市热岛强度的影响。结果表明：平均气温郊区较城区、滨湖低1.47、1.11 ℃,最低气温郊区较城区、滨湖低1.89、2.03 ℃,最高气温城区较郊区高0.61 ℃、郊区较滨湖高0.63 ℃。白天城区气温高于郊区,郊区气温高于滨湖;夜间城区气温与滨湖基本相当,且明显高于郊区。各区逐时气温变率郊区最大,城区次之,滨湖最小,三者在23:00—次日6:00基本相当且变化较小。城区平均、最高、最低气温分别比郊区高1.47、0.61、1.89 ℃,对应城市热岛强度分别为弱、弱、中等。8:00—19:00城市热岛强度为弱,20:00—次日7:00为中等。滨湖9:00—18:00湖风强,19:00—次日8:00陆风弱。湖陆风与各区气温以及城市热岛强度均极显著相关。夜间城市热岛效应强于白天湖泊冷效应,白天城市热岛效应和夜间湖泊热效应随着站点与滨湖和郊区的距离远近影响强度不同,离滨湖越近的城市站白天受城市热岛效应影响越小,夜间受城市热岛效应影响越大。  相似文献   

Numerical Study On Cloud Lines Over An Urban Street In Tokyo     

Manabu Kanda  Yushi Inoue  Itsushi Uno 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,98(2):251-273

`Kanpachi Street Cloud (KSC)' is an unusual small-scalecumulus cloud line visible during calm summer conditions over a major street in the Tokyo metropolitanarea. In order to understand the mechanism leading to the formation of this cloud line,numerical simulations have been performed using the Regional Atmospheric Modelling System.The general characteristics of the simulated KSC agree well with observations. On alarge-scale view, the KSC can be characterized as a cumulus cloud line generated at the convergenceline of two sea breezes on the western side of Tokyo Bay, while on the microscale view, it resemblesBenard-type thermal convection modified longitudinally by wind shear.The location of the convergence line leading to the KSCformation coincides withthe Kanpachi street location, although the street itself does notmake any direct effect on the KSC formation. Additional numerical experiments were performed toidentify causes of the KSC formation in accordance with urbanization, by changing anthropogenicheat impact, land-cover and grid resolution.They confirmed that the formation of the KSC requirestwo meteorological processes at the same time:(1) the convergence of two sea breezes – the localsouth-eastern sea breeze from Tokyo Bay andan extended southern sea breeze from thePacific Ocean, respectively; (2) Forcing due to an urban heat island. It is shown that urbanization couldchange the intensity and position of the KSC through enhancement of local upward motions and changesin the near-surface horizontal pressure gradient between urban and sub-urban areas. Further,fine horizontal grid resolution is needed to be able to resolve these local thermal convection issues.  相似文献   

祁连山南麓夏季地形云特征及山谷风影响分析     

刘蓓 《气象科技》2016,44(1):67-75

利用门源、祁连气象站2004—2013年6—8月逐时常规观测资料,分析了地形云的日变化特征,结果表明:两站夏季总、低云量的日变化呈现双峰型特征;层积云和积雨云的日变化呈反相特征。层积云出现频率最高在清晨,积雨云在午后至傍晚出现频率最高;门源站层积云出现频率高于祁连站,而祁连站积雨云出现频率高于门源站。两站山谷风环流特征明显,风速最大值出现在午后,最小值出现在清晨;门源站谷风控制时间长于山风,祁连站山风控制时间长于谷风。两站积雨云出现时间与山谷风风速最大值出现时间之间具有对应关系;有天气系统影响时形成的积雨云,持续时间较长,降水较多;仅由地形风及热力、湍流作用形成的积雨云,持续时间较短,降水较少。层积云的形成有3种类型:第1种由高层云演变而来;第2种由积雨云对流发展受到抑制而形成;第3种由局地山谷风环流形成,云的形成与山谷风环流以及边界层日变化特征相关。  相似文献   

海南岛海风演变特征的观测分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王静  苗峻峰  冯文 《气象科学》2016,36(2):244-255

本文利用2012年海南岛19个常规气象站、5个海岛站的逐时资料以及海口站的探空资料,对海南岛海风的时空演变特征及在不同天气条件下海风发展的特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:2012年全年海南岛的海风多发生于春、秋季,频率分别为40%和33%,冬季最少(约为19%),尤其是一月,大部分站点均不足10%。夏季海风出现时刻较早;南部沿海海风结束时间晚于北部沿海;冬季海风开始得较晚,南部海风结束时间早于北部沿海。海风平均持续时间约为10 h。沿海站的海风风速主要集中在3~6 m·s~(-1),且最大风速值出现在春季,除琼山、海口站外,最大海风强度多出现于春夏季。内陆站中部山区附近海风出现频率较高、开始时刻较早、持续时间较长、强度也较大。海风向内陆的传播距离至少为70 km;海风易发生在阴天,其次为多云天气,少云日的海风最少。  相似文献   

High Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (HRDPS) Simulations of Manitoba Lake Breezes     

Scott Kehler  John Hanesiak  Michelle Curry  David Sills  Neil Taylor 《大气与海洋》2016,54(2):93-107

The Effects of Lake Breezes On Weather–Manitoba (ELBOW-MB) field project, conducted around Lakes Manitoba and Winnipeg in July 2013, was the first in-depth field study of lake breezes in Manitoba, Canada. Using observational data collected during ELBOW-MB and output from the 2.5?km Canadian High Resolution Deterministic Prediction System (HRDPS), comparisons were made between HRDPS output and observational data to determine whether the HRDPS can simulate Manitoba lake breezes. The model comparisons considered various lake-breeze characteristics, such as depth, inland penetration distance, and initiation and dissipation time. In addition, cross-sections of lake-breeze circulations were analyzed. The results show that the HRDPS was able to correctly simulate lake breezes, or lack thereof, in 78% of cases on Lake Winnipeg and 68% of cases on Lake Manitoba. Modelled lake-breeze initiation and dissipation times were found to be too early in some cases and too late in others when compared with observations. Overall, it was found that the HRDPS was able to simulate most aspects of lake breezes, although inland penetration distance was one characteristic that the HRDPS was not able to simulate realistically.  相似文献